Oscar Traynor conducted some guerrilla operations south of the city until his capture in late July 1922. It stood on the south of the river, adjacent to Dublin Castle, until 1685. Croke Park is the largest sport stadium in Ireland. [2] The modern English name came from the Viking settlement of Dyflin, which derived its name from the Irish Duiblinn. As a result of these tensions, the English authorities came to see Dubliners as unreliable and encouraged the settlement there of Protestants from England. In 1919, the violence began with small numbers of IRA men (known as "the Squad") under Michael Collins assassinating police detectives in the city. After the accession of several eastern European countries into the European Union in 2004, eastern Europeans became the single largest immigrant group in Dublin. Táin Bó Cuailgne ("The Cattle Raid of Cooley") refers to Dublind rissa ratter Áth Cliath, meaning "Dublin, which is called Ath Cliath". The area of Dublin Bay has been inhabited by humans since prehistoric times, but the writings of Ptolemy (the Greco-Roman astronomer and cartographer) in about AD 140 provide possibly the earliest reference to a settlement there. Dublin was established as a Viking settlement in the 10th century and, despite a number of attacks by the native Irish, it remained largely under Viking control until the Norman invasion of Ireland was launched from Wales in 1169. The Tudor conquest of Ireland in the 16th century spelt a new era for Dublin, with the city enjoying a renewed prominence as the centre of administrative rule in an Ireland where English control and settlement had become much more extensive. The Women's Mini Marathon has been run since 1983 on the first Monday in June, which is also a bank holiday in Ireland. The old Irish Houses of Parliament of the Kingdom of Ireland are located in College Green. Shortly after the cargo was landed, British troops from the Scottish Borderers regiment tried to seize them but were unsuccessful. A number of smaller companies also operate. Aside from the main Glasnevin Campus, the Drumcondra campus includes the former St Patrick's College of Education, now also hosting students from the nearby Mater Dei Institute and students from the Church of Ireland College of Education.[110]. In 1592, Elizabeth I opened Trinity College Dublin (located at that time outside the city on its eastern side) as a Protestant University for the Irish gentry. In response, William Martin Murphy, who owned the Dublin Tram Company, organised a cartel of employers who agreed to sack any ITGWU members and to make other employees agree not to join it. [155] It hosts the premier Gaelic football and hurling games, international rules football and irregularly other sporting and non-sporting events including concerts. It is bordered by the Dublin Mountains, a low mountain range and sub range of the Wicklow Mountains, to the south and surrounded by flat farmland to the north and west.[48]. The earliest reference to Dublin is sometimes said to be found in the writings of Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy), the Egyptian-Greek astronomer and cartographer, around the year 140, who refers to a settlement called Eblana. The National College of Ireland (NCI) is also based in Dublin, as well as the Economic and Social Research Institute, a social science research institute, on Sir John Rogerson's Quay, and the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. In Dublin however the Protestant Ascendancy was thriving, and the city expanded rapidly from the 17th century onward. The Viking settlement of about 841, Dyflin, and a Gaelic settlement, Áth Cliath ("ford of hurdles")[23] further up river, at the present day Father Mathew Bridge (also known as Dublin Bridge), at the bottom of Church Street. About 250 civilians are also thought to have been killed or injured, but the total has never been accurately counted. This pool was finally fully infilled during the early 18th century, as the city grew. Ultimately, this religious discrimination led to the Old English community abandoning their English roots and coming to see themselves as part of the native Irish community. The crew of Asgard successfully landed a consignment of surplus German rifles and ammunition at Howth, near Dublin. However, in winter, easterly winds render the city colder and more prone to snow showers. The name Dublin derives from the Irish word Dubhlinn, early Classical Irish Dubhlind/Duibhlind, from dubh ([d̪uβ], [d̪uw], [d̪uː]) meaning "black, dark", and lind ([lʲiɲ(d̪ʲ)]) "pool", referring to a dark tidal pool. Following an economic decline during the Great Recession, Dublin has rebounded and as of 2017[update] has close to full employment,[40] but has a significant problem with housing supply in both the city and surrounds. When the city was subsequently threatened by Irish Catholic forces, the Catholic Dubliners were expelled from the city by its English garrison. (Republicans in response senselessly booby trapped the Irish Public Records Office, destroying one thousand years of archives). Although the problem of hard drugs in Dublin had been controlled somewhat, prior to the 2008 recession, through methadone programmes for addicts and better economic prospects for young people, it is by no means a thing of the past. Dublin's sheltered location on the east coast makes it the driest place in Ireland, receiving only about half the rainfall of the west coast. [141] Dublin also has many dramatic, musical and operatic companies, including Festival Productions, Lyric Opera Productions, the Pioneers' Musical & Dramatic Society, the Glasnevin Musical Society, Third Day Chorale, Second Age Theatre Company, Opera Theatre Company and Opera Ireland. As a result, for several decades, these places became by-words for crime, drug abuse and unemployment. The base of the monument is lit and the top is illuminated to provide a beacon in the night sky across the city. The original pronunciation is preserved in the names for the city in other languages such as Old English Difelin, Old Norse Dyflin, modern Icelandic Dyflinn and modern Manx Divlyn as well as Welsh Dulyn and Breton Dulenn. Increased secularisation in Ireland has prompted a drop in regular Catholic church attendance in Dublin from over 90 percent in the mid-1970s down to 14 percent according to a 2011 survey and less than 2% in some areas[133][134], According to the 2016 census, the population of Dublin was 86.2% white (including 862,381 white Irish [86.2%], 132,846 other white [13.2%] and 5,092 [0.5%] white Irish traveller), 2% black (23,892), and 4.6% Asian (46,626). The most notorious of these killings was that of the journalist Veronica Guerin in 1996, who was killed by criminals she was investigating for a Sunday newspaper. Dublin was also a victim of the Northern Irish Troubles, although during this 30-year conflict, violence mainly occurred within Northern Ireland. Fair City is RTÉ's soap opera, located in the fictional Dublin suburb of Carraigstown. The first psychiatric hospital to be built in Ireland, it is one of the oldest in the world and still flourishes today as one of the largest and most comprehensive in the country.[8]. Though initially the most prosperous residences of peers were located on the northside, in places like Henrietta Street and Rutland Square, the decision of the Earl of Kildare (Ireland's premier peer, later made Duke of Leinster), to build his new townhouse, Kildare House (later renamed Leinster House after he was made Duke of Leinster) on the southside, led to a rush from peers to build new houses on the southside, in or around the three major southern squares. This tidal pool was located where the River Poddle entered the Liffey, on the site of the castle gardens at the rear of Dublin Castle. [41], From 1842, the boundaries of the city were comprehended by the baronies of Dublin City and the Barony of Dublin. [165] Irish-born Kevin Thornton was awarded two Michelin stars in 2001 – though his restaurant, Thornton's, closed in 2016. (See Ireland 1691-1801). ", "World record crowd watches Harlequins sink Saracens", "Taoiseach Officially Opens Aviva Stadium", "Homepage of Lansdowne Road Development Company (IRFU and FAI JV)", "Irish Rugby : Club & Community : Ulster Bank League : Ulster Bank League Tables", "Ireland Women v Pakistan Women, 2000, Only Test", "Pakistan Confirmed as Ireland's First Test Opponents", "College Park to become Lightning home ground", "Full list of Michelin-starred restaurants in Ireland in the 2018 guide", "Leading chef Kevin Thornton to close Dublin restaurant", "Coffee Culture in Dublin: A Brief History", "Full of beans: meet Stephen, the world's best barista", "Education through the Medium of Irish 2015/2016", "Dublin City Council: International Relations Unit", "Managing our International relationships – City twinning", "Ciutats agermanades, Relacions bilaterals, L'acció exterior", "Barcelona City Council signs cooperation agreements with Dublin, Seoul, Buenos Aires and Hong Kong", "Dublin signs twinning agreement with Beijing", "Dublin was also in talks with Rio de Janeiro in Brazil about twinning with that city", "Mexican city to be twinned with Dublin, says Lord Mayor", Dublin UNESCO City of Literature official site, State visit of Elizabeth II to the Republic of Ireland, Institutional seats of the European Union, Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dublin&oldid=1006409865, Local administrative units of the Republic of Ireland, Populated coastal places in the Republic of Ireland, Populated places established in the 9th century, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Hiberno-English, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, Articles containing Hiberno-Scottish Gaelic-language text, Articles containing Old English (ca. In the next century it became larger, more peaceful and prosperous than at any time in its previous history. [1] The bombing was declared accidental, although many suspected that the bombing was deliberate revenge for de Valera's decision to send fire engines to aid the people of Belfast following major bombing in that city. Dublin Castle, which became the centre of Anglo-Norman power in Ireland, was founded in 1204 as a major defensive work on the orders of King John of England. In Modern Irish the name is Duibhlinn, and Irish rhymes from County Dublin show that in Dublin Leinster Irish it was pronounced Duílinn [ˈd̪ˠiːlʲiɲ]. An attempt was made by the last Norse King of Dublin, Ascall mac Ragnaill, to recapture the city with an army he raised among his relations in the Scottish Highlands, where he was forced to flee after the city was taken, but the attempted reconquest failed and Ascall was killed. After Emancipation and with the gradual extension of the right to vote in British politics, Irish nationalists (mainly Catholics) gained control of Dublin's government with the reform of local government in 1840, Daniel O'Connell being the first Catholic Mayor in 150 years. Many of Dublin's finest buildings were destroyed at this time; the historic General Post Office (GPO) was a bombed out shell after the 1916 Rising; James Gandon's Custom House was burned by the IRA in the War of Independence, while one of Gandon's surviving masterpieces, the Four Courts had been seized by republicans and bombarded by the pro-treaty army. [45] Although both it and Leinster House were intended to be temporary locations, they became the permanent homes of parliament from then on. By 1700, the population had surpassed 60,000, making it the second largest city, after London, in the British Empire. 37, No. Our primary focus is to own prime, large-scale offices in Dublin with industry-leading environmental and digital connectivity credentials. In response, nationalists founded their own army, the Irish Volunteers, to make sure Home Rule became a reality. Its sole constituent college, Trinity College (TCD), was established by Royal Charter in 1592 under Elizabeth I. Monto finally closed in the mid-1920s, following a campaign against prostitution by the Roman Catholic Legion of Mary, its financial viability having already been seriously undermined by the withdrawal of soldiers from the city following the Anglo-Irish Treaty (December 1921) and the establishment of the Irish Free State (6 December 1922). College Park has Test status and played host to Ireland's first Test cricket match, a women's match against Pakistan in 2000. [81] Many international firms have established major headquarters in the city, such as Citibank. Baronies As a historical unit of geography, they are still of use in researching both land registration documents and censuses prior to … In 1649, on the second of these occasions, a mixed force of Irish Confederates and Anglo-Irish Royalists were routed by Dublin's English Parliamentarian garrison in the Battle of Rathmines, fought on the city's southern outskirts. In 2014, Dublin Airport was the 18th busiest airport in Europe, serving over 21 million passengers. The city was at the forefront of Ireland's economic expansion during the Celtic Tiger period, with private sector and state development of housing, transport and business. Other influential writers and playwrights include Oscar Wilde, Jonathan Swift and the creator of Dracula, Bram Stoker. In response to the escalating violence, the British troops mounted a number of major operations in Dublin to try to locate IRA members. Fares are generally calculated on a stage system based on distance travelled. In 1348, the city was hit by the Black Death – a lethal bubonic plague that ravaged Europe in the mid-14th century. [142] Taoiseach Enda Kenny was quoted to say that Dublin "would be an ideal candidate to host the World Design Capital in 2014".[143]. OPENCities, a British Council project. Dublin Airport is the 11th busiest in the European Union,[101] and by far the busiest airport on the island of Ireland. A number of Irish language agencies are also located in the capital. The anti-drugs campaigners were accused of being vigilantes, or a front for Sinn Féin and the Provisional IRA, although this allegation has been vigorously disputed.[29]. It replaces Nelson's Pillar and is intended to mark Dublin's place in the 21st century. Department of the Taoiseach: Guide to Government Buildings (2005). Jul 14, 2020 7:00 PM. Daniel O'Connell, as a result, was elected mayor in 1841, the first elections held with the new franchise. In Dublin this meant that the old franchise system, based on Protestant property holders and guild members was abolished and the vote for Dublin Corporation was granted to all property holders of over ten pounds per year. [citation needed], Dublin grew even more dramatically during the 18th century, with the construction of many new districts and buildings, such as Merrion Square, Parliament House and the Royal Exchange. Increasing wealth prompted many of Dublin's Protestant and Unionist middle classes to move out of the city proper to new suburbs such as Ballsbridge, Rathmines and Rathgar – which are still distinguished by their graceful Victorian architecture. [167], Historically, Irish coffee houses and cafes were associated with those working in media. It is now thought that the Viking settlement was preceded by a Christian ecclesiastical settlement known as Duibhlinn, from which Dyflin took its name. It was also common for the Dublin crowds to hold violent demonstrations outside the Irish Parliament when the members passed unpopular laws. These buildings were later re-built. Some public planning for the city was made in the first years of the Irish Free State and then effected after 1932, when Éamon de Valera came to power. Completed projects include the Convention Centre, the 3Arena, and the Bord Gáis Energy Theatre. With greater finances available, and lower wages due to the Great Depression, major changes began to take place. In addition, they were angered by being forced to pay for the English garrisons of the country through an extra-parliamentary tax known as "cess". As English interest in maintaining their Irish colony waned, the defence of Dublin from the surrounding Irish was left to the Fitzgerald Earls of Kildare, who dominated Irish politics until the 16th century. The main focus by government in 1900–1914 was in building 40,000 cottages for rural workers. Terror in Ireland, p150, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Fords & Black Pools – History of Dublin – Dublin History and Heritage", American Journal of Psychiatry, November 1998. for post 1821 figures. Since the beginning of Norman rule in the 12th century, the city has functioned as the capital in varying geopolitical entities: Lordship of Ireland (1171–1541), Kingdom of Ireland (1541–1800), as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922), and the Irish Republic (1919–1922). Although the tenements were largely removed, such was the urgency of providing new housing that little planning went into its construction. [36][37], Dublin suffered a period of political and economic decline during the 19th century following the Acts of Union 1800, under which the seat of government was transferred to the Westminster Parliament in London. Dublin had suffered severely in the period 1916–1922. [54][55] These include, the 'Medieval Quarter' (in the area of Dublin Castle, Christ Church and St Patrick's Cathedral and the old city walls),[56] the 'Georgian Quarter' (including the area around St Stephen's Green, Trinity College, and Merrion Square), the 'Docklands Quarter' (around the Dublin Docklands and Silicon Docks), the 'Cultural Quarter' (around Temple Bar), and 'Creative Quarter' (between South William Street and George's Street).[57]. As well as being home to RTÉ Radio, Dublin also hosts the national radio networks Today FM and Newstalk, and local stations. Concerns over countries limiting the export of vaccines in the name of keeping inoculations … By 1900, the population was over 400,000. Henry VIII sent a large army to destroy the Fitzgeralds and replace them with English administrators. Dublin is home to the National College of Art and Design, which dates from 1746, and Dublin Institute of Design, founded in 1991. [31] Around this time, the county of the City of Dublin was established along with certain liberties adjacent to the city proper. Barry was hanged for murder on 1 November, despite a campaign for leniency because of his youth. Following the partition of Ireland in 1922, Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State, later renamed Ireland. 2nd Floor, 3 George’s Dock, International Financial Services Centre, Dublin 1, D01 X5X0 Ireland. Dublin is now home to substantial communities of Chinese, Nigerians, Brazilians, Russians, Romanians and many others – especially from Africa and eastern Europe. [23] In 2003, the Pillar was replaced as a landmark by the Dublin Spire which was erected on the same spot.

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