Thousands were killed immediately, while many more subsequently died or were left disabled.[52]. 7 pp. [65] Around 90% of the Kashmiri Pandits left Kashmir during the 1990s, resulting in the ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Hindus. Jawaharlal Nehru died on 27 May 1964, and Lal Bahadur Shastri succeeded him as Prime Minister. The UF government had attempted a progressive budget that encouraged reforms, but the 1997 Asian financial crisis and political instability created economic stagnation. Indian forces killed Pakistan-backed infiltrators and reclaimed important border posts in high-altitude warfare. Thus India's leaders were faced with the prospect of inheriting a fragmented nation with independent provinces and kingdoms dispersed across the mainland. The move was seen as a reward for their support for the War on Terror. A History of British India offers a revealing look at how the modern nations of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh emerged from the crucible of the Raj, and it examines the long-term effects of British rule on regional politics, religion, culture, economics, race relations, and more. Singh had been moved from the Finance ministry to the Defence ministry after he unearthed some scandals which made the Congress leadership uncomfortable. The Congress party chose Rajiv Gandhi, Indira's older son, as the next Prime Minister. In 2004, India had launched an application for a permanent seat on the UN Security Council, along with Brazil, Germany and Japan. From Plassey To Partition: A History Of Modern India is suitable for both history students and interested readers, owing to its detailed presentation of the historical facts and events of that time period. National Movement. The assassination of Mohandas Gandhi on 30 January 1948 was carried out by Nathuram Vinayak Godse, a nationalist, who held him responsible for partition and charged that Mohandas Gandhi was appeasing Muslims. China withdrew from disputed territory in the contested Chinese South Tibet and Indian North-East Frontier Agency that it crossed during the war. [41], In 1962 China and India engaged in the brief Sino-Indian War over the border in the Himalayas. When British rule came to an end in 1947, the subcontinent was partitioned along religious lines into two separate countries—India, with a majority of Hindus, and Pakistan, with a majority of Muslims. In 1972, Arunachal Pradesh (the North East Frontier Agency) and Mizoram (from the Mizo Hills in the south) were separated from Assam as union territories; both became states in 1986.[48]. Some princely states such as Tripura and Manipur acceded later in 1949. Government investigation has failed to date to discover the causes and punish the perpetrators, but public opinion blamed Congress leaders for directing attacks on Sikhs in Delhi. In the Northeast India, the state of Assam was divided into several states beginning in 1970 within the borders of what was then Assam. In April 2013, the Saradha Group financial scandal was unearthed, caused by the collapse of a Ponzi scheme run by Saradha Group, a consortium of over 200 private companies in Eastern India, causing an estimated loss of INR 200–300 billion (US$4–6 billion) to over 1.7 million depositors. Hornbill Festival, Kohima, Nagaland. India and Pakistan agreed to resume direct air links and to allow overflights, and a groundbreaking meeting was held between the Indian government and moderate Kashmir separatists. Although there were occasional electoral pacts between the Swatantra Party and the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), Rajagopalachari remained non-committal on a formal tie-up with the DMK due to its existing alliance with Communists whom he dreaded. By the last quarter of the 18th Century the English had outdone all others and established themselves as the dominant power in India. [52], The United States and India signed a major nuclear co-operation agreement during a visit by United States President George W. Bush in March 2006. In January 2004 Prime Minister Vajpayee recommended early dissolution of the Lok Sabha and general elections. In 1974, the Allahabad High Court found Indira Gandhi guilty of misusing government machinery for election purposes. The tsunami was caused by a powerful undersea earthquake off the Indonesian coast. New elections in February 1998 brought the BJP the largest number of seats in Parliament (182), but this fell far short of a majority. Prime Minister Modi at the launch of the Make in India programme which was meant to encourage companies to manufacture their products in India and also increase their investment. Among her eight edited volumes are Unbecoming Modern (2005), Caste in History (2008) and Ancient to Modern (2009). Within three months, following approval by the U.S. Congress, George W. Bush signed into law a nuclear deal with India, which ended a three-decade ban on American nuclear trade with Delhi. From being a relatively destitute country in its formative years,[3] Indian Republic has emerged as a fast growing G20 major economy with high military spending,[4] and is seeking a permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council. [45] On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian Union, and the monarchy was abolished. [78][79], By the end of 2004, India began to withdraw some of its troops from Kashmir. As we all know, the history section plays a very crucial role in competitive exams, especially in civil services examination. India is a nuclear-weapon state, having conducted its first nuclear test in 1974, followed by another five tests in 1998. Nehru appointed the States Re-organisation Commission, upon whose recommendations the States Reorganisation Act was passed in 1956. Beginning in 1991, neoliberal economic reforms have transformed India into the third largest and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. Singh then unearthed the Bofors scandal, and was sacked from the party and office. In Lucid Language That Speaks To Laymen And Architects Alike, This Book Provides A History Of Twentieth Century Architecture In India. [35] During the late 1950s and early 1960s, Annadurai grew close to Rajagopalachari and sought an alliance with the Swatantra Party for the 1962 Madras legislative assembly elections. Rajagopalachari also insisted that the opposition must: operate not privately and behind the closed doors of the party meeting, but openly and periodically through the electorate. This sparked off the 2002 Gujarat violence, leading to the deaths of 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus and with 223 people reported missing. India has fought a total of four wars/military conflicts with its rival nation Pakistan, two in this period. Thereafter, a referendum was held in which 97.5 percent of voters supported abolishing the monarchy, effectively approving union with India. Under Operation Flood, the government encouraged the production of milk, which increased greatly, and improved rearing of livestock across India. Pakistan soon lost Ea… After the vote, several left-wing and regional parties formed a new alliance to oppose the government, saying it had been tainted by corruption. [28] Conceived by disgruntled heads of former princely states such as the Raja of Ramgarh, the Maharaja of Kalahandi and the Maharajadhiraja of Darbhanga, the party was conservative in character. 156–160, M.R. Steadily, hundreds of thousands of Hindus returned to East Pakistan, but the thaw in relations did not last long, primarily owing to the Kashmir dispute. A United Front government under former Chief Minister of Karnataka H.D. Notably, the Hindu Renaissance was composed of distinguished people of India who contributed to scholarship and philosophy. She successfully ended the Privy Purse guarantee for former Indian royalty, and waged a major offensive against party hierarchy over the nationalisation of India's banks. India has constantly maintained the position of blaming Pakistan for supplying these groups with logistical support, arms, recruits and training.[64]. Please utilize them wisely and don't make them Commercial. NCERT Notes: Modern Indian History Notes For UPSC The Union Public Service Commission conducts the prestigious Civil Services Exam every year. From the 1950s to the 1980s, India followed socialist-inspired policies. History of Modern India by Bipan Chandra PDF [Old NCERT] Various political parties united under Jaya Prakash Narayan to resist what he termed Gandhi's dictatorship. [52], The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami devastated Indian coastlines and islands, killing an estimated 18,000 and displacing around 650,000. In 1961, after continual petitions for a peaceful handover, India invaded and annexed the Portuguese colony of Goa on the west coast of India. October 31, 2018 By Swamy Vivekananda 19 Comments. [52], In April 1999, the coalition government led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) fell apart, leading to fresh elections in September. Hello Dear Examtrix.com followers, In this post we are going to share an important PDF on a brief history of modern india, modern history bipan chandra, modern history of india notes, which is very useful for each and every competitive exam in India. princely states. [52], In 2007, India got its first female President as Pratibha Patil was sworn in. It was the first of four Indo-Pakistan Wars fought between the two newly independent nations. That is a good story 'with clear and friendly eyes'. History of Modern India - Bipin Chandra.pdf. [52], Despite all this, India showed great promise with a higher growth rate in gross domestic product.

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