The fatty acid consists of a long carbon chain terminated with a carboxylic acid group. The carboxylic acid group consists of a carbon Therefore if you aren't 100% certain your pot isn't aluminum, then buy one that you know is most definitely not. Does it lather like regular soap? Making soap was a long and arduous process. And it's not the chemistry we want for soapmaking. Soap making relies on an ester and a strong base to perform a saponification reaction. The Chemistry of Soap Soap making involves the hydrolysis of a triglyceride (fat or oil) using an alkaline solution usually lye, chemical name sodium hydroxide. After purification, commercial soaps get other ingredients such as sand (to produce a soup that can scour), or compounds that add fragrance or color. The ancient Roman tradition called for mixing rain water, potash and animal tallow (rendered form of beef or mutton fat). Lab Checklist • 10 g of Sodium Hydroxide • 60 g of chosen oil: Soybean, Canola, Coconut, Vegetable oil, etc. Once the soap has cured it can be tested for proper ph levels using a test strip. The hydrocarbon end is nonpolar and is soluble in nonpolar substances The initial saponification process takes anywhere from 20 – 90 minutes. (Most oils can be used). commonest fatty acid used in soap making contains a range of C 10 -C 20 and most often have an even number of carbon atoms including the carboxyl group carbon. A soap molecule consists of a long hydrocarbon chain (composed of carbons and hydrogens) with a carboxylic acid group on one end which is ionic bonded to a metal ion, usually a sodium or potassium. Fat or Oil + NaOH → Soap + Glycerol Alkali is maintained in sufficient excess, more of it being added if necessary. Wash your hands with your soap. Soap making has remained unchanged over the centuries. Triglycerides are typically triesters consisting of 3 long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acid chains appended to a single glycerol molecule (see Equation 1). First, the fat had to be rendered (melted and filtered). Background: A triglyceride consists of three fatty carboxylic acids bonded to glycerol. Making Soap - Saponification Experimental Observations You may make observations after the soap has dried; it will be returned in lab section or lecture. Does it clean your hands as well as regular soap? Soap is made by heating animal fats or vegetable oil with concentrated sodium hydroxide (NAOH). It's also pretty dangerous. The characteristics of this soap depend on the quality of oil, and the amounts of the caustic soda and water used to make it. A soap is a salt of a compound known as a fatty acid. Does it smell like any soap that you have used? You are looking for a ph level of 8 – 10.5. 1. use aluminum ANYTHING to make soap as this does some pretty crazy chemistry of its own when it reacts with lye. SAPONIFICATION The process of making soap by the hydrolysis of fats and oils with alkalies is called saponification. 3. of re-dissolving the soap in boiling water and then cooling and precipitating it once again by adding sodium chloride. to produce soap. Then, potash solution was added. Soap Making Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to explore the synthesis of soap and determine some of its properties. In this experiment you will make soap … The Chemistry of Soap and Detergent Function All soaps and detergents contain a surfactant1 as their active ingredient. The tail is water insoluble and the head is water soluble - a difference in 2. A number of things affect the soap-making process and the quality of this soap produced. This is an ionic species consisting of a long, linear, non-polar ’tail’ with a cationic or anionic ’head’ and a counter ion. Explain. After the soap mixture is poured into a mold the rest of the saponification takes place and can take from 5 – 6 weeks. Considerations 1st Consideration: History of Soaps and Oils, and Preparations for Soap Making The chemistry of fire and ash—from traditional methods and understanding of the lye process to modern methods Extraction of oils and their uses from days past to now Soap—completion of the circle, combining the mineral element of plants with the rarefied essence, or acid and base chemistry We will create a small bar of soap with the lab procedure discussed later.

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